Lub Physics ntawm Load Shift Hauv Cov Thawv Thaum Thauj Dej hiav txwv
- Cargo Securing System Design Raws li CTU Acceleration Coefficients
1. Vim li cas Cargo tseem txav mus rau hauv lub thawv kaw?
Ib qho kev xav hauv export logistics yog yooj yim:
Thaum cov khoom thauj khoom thauj khoom thiab khi cia, nws nyob hauv qhov chaw.
Qhov no yog qhov kev xav zoo li qub uas siv rau ib puag ncig dynamic.
Kev thauj dej hiav txwv yeej tsis zoo li qub. Thaum lub sij hawm voyage, ib lub nkoj tsis tu ncua kev paub:
- Longitudinal acceleration thiab deceleration
- Transverse dov txav
- Vertical heaving
- Cov qauv kev vibration thiab torsion
Lub thawv txav nrog lub nkoj.
Lub cargo nyob rau hauv teb rau acceleration los ntawm inertia.
Kev thauj khoom thauj tsis yog xwm txheej. Nws yog physics.
2. CTU Code txhais li cas Dynamic Marine Conditions
Kev siv thoob ntiaj teb rau cargo packing thiab ruaj ntseg yog
IMO CTU Code (Code of Practice for Packing of Cargo Transport Units).
CTU Code faib cov dej hiav txwv raws liQhov Tseem Ceeb Wave Height (Hs)thiab muab cov qauv tsim acceleration coefficients.
Hs yog dab tsi?
Hs (Qhov Tseem Ceeb Wave Height) sawv cev rau qhov siab nruab nrab ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws -feem peb ntawm nthwv dej tau pom nyob rau ib lub sijhawm.
Nws tsis yog qhov siab tshaj yoj qhov siab.
Nws yog engineering tsim parameter.
3. CTU Sea Area Classification
| A | B | C |
|
HsTsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 8 m
|
8 m
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Hs> 12 m
|
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Baltic Hiav Txwv (nrog rau Kattegat)
Mediterranean hiav txwv
Hiav Txwv Dub
Hiav txwv Liab
Persian Gulf
Ntug hiav txwv lossis inter- Island
voyages nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv qab no:
Central Atlantic Dej hiav txwv
(ntawm 30℃N thiab 35℃S)
Central Indian dej hiav txwv
(txog 35℃S)
Central Pacific Dej hiav txwv
(ntawm 30℃N thiab 35℃S)
|
North Hiav Txwv
Skagerak
Lus Askiv Channel
Hiav txwv Nyiv
Hiav txwv Okhotsk
Ntug hiav txwv lossis inter- Island
voyages nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv qab no:
Sab qab teb -Central Atlantic Ocean
(ntawm 35℃S thiab 40℃S)
Sab qab teb -Central Indian Ocean
(ntawm 35℃S thiab 40℃S)
Sab qab teb -Central Pacific Dej hiav txwv
(ntawm 35℃S thiab 45℃S)
|
tsis txwv
|
4. CTU Acceleration Coefficients
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CTU Code muab cov qauv tsim kom nrawm nrawm (qhia hauv g). Los ntawm hiav txwv thauj |
|||||
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Qhov tseem ceeb yoj qhov siab
hauv hiav txwv
|
Kev ruaj ntseg hauv
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Acceleration coefficients
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|||
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Longitudinally (cx)
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Transversely (cy)
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Tsawg kawg vertically down (cz)
|
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| A |
HsTsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 8 m
|
Longitudinal kev taw qhia
|
0.3 | - | 0.5 |
|
Transverse kev taw qhia
|
- | 0.5 | 1.0 | ||
| B |
8 m
|
Longitudinal kev taw qhia
|
0.3 | - | 0.3 |
|
Transverse kev taw qhia
|
- | 0.7 | 1.0 | ||
| C |
Hs> 12 m
|
Longitudinal kev taw qhia
|
0.4 | - | 0.2 |
|
Transverse kev taw qhia
|
- | 0.8 | 1.0 | ||
5. 1.0 g Tiag tiag txhais li cas?
1.0 g sib npaug gravitational acceleration.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus tswv yim:
Yog tias cov khoom hnyav 1,000 kg
Hauv qab 1.0 g transverse acceleration
Nws tuaj yeem ntsib 1,000 kg lateral quab yuam.
Yog tias lub tshuab hnyav 5,000 kg?
Nws tuaj yeem muaj 5,000 kg ntawm sab quab yuam.
Qhov no tsis yog hais txog "nruj txaus."
Nws yog hais txog seb lub kaw lus ruaj ntseg tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov dynamic load.
6. Static Weight vs. Dynamic Design Force
Muaj ntau exporters tsom rau cargo loj.
Engineering tsom rau lub zog.
Tsim quab yuam=Cargo hnyav × Acceleration coefficient
Piv txwv:
Cargo hnyav: 3,000 kg
Dej hiav txwv: C Area
Transverse acceleration: 1.0g
Tsim lateral quab yuam ≈ 3,000 kg
Thiab qhov no tseem tsis tau suav nrog kev nyab xeeb.
Dynamic thauj xav tau dynamic xam.
7. Vim li cas System Strength tseem ceeb dua li Linear Strength
Nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg thawv, cargo yog txwv los ntawm ib tug system:
- Strapping
- Buckle
- Siv zog
- Kev sib txhuam nrog lub thawv hauv pem teb
Dab tsi thaum kawg txiav txim siab kev ua tau zoo tsis yog tsuas yog pluaj tensile ntsuam xyuas, tab sis:
- System tawg zog
- Kev sib koom ua haujlwm
- Lub zog nqus peev xwm
Lub pluaj nrog lub zog siab linear tseem tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yog tias qhov kev sib txuas ua haujlwm tsawg lossis yog tias qhov siab tshaj plaws dynamic loads tsis zoo absorbed.
Kev thauj dej hiav txwv qhia txog kev thauj khoom poob siab.
Shock loading nthuav tawm cov kev sib txuas tsis muaj zog ua ntej.
8. Qhov zoo ntawm kev ruaj ntseg yooj yim hauv cov xwm txheej zoo
Kev thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv tsim kev thauj khoom cyclic thiab cuam tshuam lub zog.
Rigid cov ntaub ntawv xws li steel strapping:
- Hloov qhov siab siab ncaj qha
- Nco ntsoov quab yuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txuas
- Lawv yooj yim rau qaug zog nyob rau hauv vibration
Composite polyester strappingsystems muab:
- Tswj elongation
- Shock absorption muaj peev xwm
- Progressive load faib
- Txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke stability nyob rau hauv dynamic load
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab Hs, kev tswj tau yooj yim dhau los ua qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv es tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
9. Tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg raws li cov ntaub ntawv CTU
Cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg cargo yuav tsum muaj xws li:
- Txheeb xyuas cov kev faib dej hiav txwv (A, B, lossis C)
- Txiav txim siab sib thooj acceleration coefficients
- Muab xam dynamic tsim quab yuam
- Ntsuas qhov kev sib txhuam
- Xaiv ib qho kev ruaj ntseg nrog lub zog txaus
- Siv cov kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog
Qhov no yog engineering logic.
Tsis yog kev xav.
Tsis yog cwj pwm.
Tsis yog "qhov no yog qhov peb ib txwm ua."
10. Xaus: Dej hiav txwv Thauj Yog Dynamic - Kev ruaj ntseg yuav tsum tau tsim
Raws li CTU Code, cov khoom thauj hauv cov thawv tuaj yeem muaj txog li 1.0 g transverse acceleration thaum thauj dej hiav txwv.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov khoom thauj tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm sib npaug ntawm nws qhov hnyav.
Yog li ntawd:
- Linear tensile lub zog ib leeg yog tsis txaus
- Qhov system tawg lub zog yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas
- Kev sib koom ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau xav txog
- Dynamic loading yuav tsum to taub
Kev thauj dej hiav txwv yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev nrawm.
Cargo ruaj ntseg yuav tsum tau tsim raws li.
Vim physics tsis sib tham.